Supreme Court Sides With One of the Nation’s Most Liberal Cities in Challenge to EPA’s Authority

Katelynn Richardson

•   March 4, 2025

DAILY CALLER NEWS FOUNDATION—The Supreme Court sided with San Francisco on Tuesday in its challenge to the Environmental Protection Agency.

A majority on the court held that the EPA exceeded its authority by issuing San Francisco a permit that did not clearly explain the limits on how much sewage it could discharge into the ocean but included a vague “end-result” provision that made the city responsible for the water quality.

Justice Samuel Alito authored the opinion of the court in a 5-4 ruling. Justice Amy Coney Barrett dissented along with Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, and Ketanji Brown Jackson.

“When a permit contains such requirements, a permittee that punctiliously follows every specific requirement in its permit may nevertheless face crushing penalties if the quality of the water in its receiving waters falls below the applicable standards,” Alito wrote.

The high court held that such “end-result” requirements are not allowed under federal law. Alito’s opinion also stated “what steps a permittee must take to ensure that water quality standards are met is the EPA’s responsibility, and Congress has given it the tools needed to make that determination.”

Barrett authored the court’s dissenting opinion, arguing that taking this tool from the EPA “may make it harder for the Agency to issue the permits that municipalities and businesses need in order for their discharges to be lawful.”

“If the Agency must impose individualized conditions for each permittee under §1311(b)(1)(C), then it will be more difficult and more time consuming for the Agency to issue permits,” she wrote in an opinion joined by Kagan, Sotomayor, and Jackson.

San Francisco asked the Supreme Court to step in last year, arguing that the EPA’s vague restrictions expose the city “and numerous permit holders nationwide to enforcement actions,” including penalties reaching billions of dollars.

The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals previously ruled against San Francisco in July 2023.

Originally published by the Daily Caller News Foundation

Katelynn Richardson | Reporter
Katelynn Richardson covers courts as a reporter for the Daily Caller News Foundation.

Follow on X katesrichardson

Oneil The Woketopus book cover

Read the first chapter of The Woketopus right now for FREE

Today, even with President Trump’s victory, leftist elites have their tentacles in every aspect of our government.

The Daily Signal’s own Tyler O’Neil exposes this leftist cabal in his new book, The Woketopus: The Dark Money Cabal Manipulating the Federal Government.

In this book, O’Neil reveals how the Left’s NGO apparatus pursues its woke agenda, maneuvering like an octopus by circumventing Congress and entrenching its interests in the federal government.
You can read the first chapter of this new book for FREE in this eBook, The Woketopus: Chapter One using the secure link below.